Realism and formalism are the two main styles a movie can fall under when it comes to the actual filming techniques used.

Realism strives for an objective view. This style of filming makes use of actual locations and authentic costumes to add a sense of reality to the film.

Formalism doesn't care what techniques are used (even distorting images, etc.) as long as the final product is good.

Many other factors play a part in the way a film is photographed, including the shot (how much of a subject is in a framed scene), the angle of the camera, the use of light and shadows, the use of color, and the use of filters and other methods to change the way a scene looks.